出版社：Faculty of Humanities, Kaunas University of Technology
摘要：The widespread use of Voltage Source Converter based High Voltage Direct Current Transmission (VSC-HVDC) technology has significantly increased the complexity of grid configuration and operation, which demands higher quality of AC/DC state estimation. The bad data detection and identification plays a vital role in ensuring the accuracy of state estimation outcomes. This paper presents a new approach to bad data in hybrid AC/DC grids based on the combined deep belief network (DBN) and K-means clustering method. First, the DBNs are trained separately for active and reactive power given the characteristics of VSC-HVDC by which the bad data can be detected. Then, an improved K-means is used for clustering the DBN outputs by setting the mean and the number of the samples within the clusters as two metrics for bad data identification. Finally, the case study is performed in a modified IEEE 14-bus system and the results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in terms of both the accuracy and efficiency.
其他摘要：This paper describes a transient thermal model that accurately predicts the temperature of the open-rack mounted photovoltaic (PV) modules under varying atmospheric conditions. The PV module temperature is predicted by considering the thermal energy exchange between the PV module and its environment through the main heat transfer paths. The proposed thermal model has been validated by utilising data from the experiment: the temperature measurement of two identical PV modules operating in two different modes (open-circuit and full-load) was performed by means of three temperature sensors placed on the back surface of both PV modules. The model accuracy is 3 C of measured temperature values 100 % of the time under all conditions. The highest accuracy is obtained when the solar irradiance is subject to less fluctuation. The influence of the load level relative to the nominal power of the PV module on its temperature is hereby subject to consideration. DOI: 10.5755/j01.eie.25.2.23203
关键词：Photovoltaic systems;Temperature;Transient thermal model
