其他摘要：Various kinds of school incidents and accidents are being reported more frequently than in the past, and school crisis preparedness and intervention have received increased attention recently.“Risk management” is defined as the process in which, before incidents and accidents occur, school personnel attempt to prevent their occurrence, and after an occurrence, personnel wrestle to control the resulting crisis in the school. Crisis management minimizes damage just after incidents and accidents, and promotes early recovery. Essential for the preparation for school crises are management for and education about safety, and installation of a school-based crisis response team. The psychological impact of incidents and accidents may continue for a long time in the school setting. In order to facilitate the recovery process, the response to students should be made very carefully, because individual differences in reaction to incidents will increase over time. Therefore, psychoeducation about trauma care is quite important in order to enable teachers, parents, and mental-health professionals to deal with affected students. Psychological assessment is also an important basis for long-term care. The present article describes some of the present author's experiences in the Ikeda incident, as a member of the crisis response team, and also experiences conducting simulation exercises for crisis teams, using vignettes of school crises. Such exercises should result in a better balance of prevention and intervention in the future. A new trend in prevention education is to develop methods that encourage students' initiative and activities, thus fostering good relations in the classroom. In addition, research on and evaluation of crisis intervention and crisis prevention training programs should be conducted, in order to improve the practice of such programs. It is important that educational psychology and school psychology contribute to school crisis prevention and intervention. School psychologists should take an important role in the response to crises.
关键词：学校危機;危機対応チーム;心理教育;トラウマケア;学校心理学
其他关键词：school crisis ; crisis response team ; trauma care ; psychoeducation ; school psychology
