其他摘要：When we put three sequential stages of "Research, Development and Commercialization" in the process of Industry-Academia-Government Cooperation, the organization(s) in charge of each stage varies with the systems in USA and Europe. In the case of USA, working area of universities expands from research to development, therefore technologies originated by university easily transfer to industry. For supporting the transfer, education for entrepreneurship in universities and ample funds of angels and venture capitals are effectively working. In Europe, the mission of universities is thought to be basic research only. Thus, Europe has large scaled special institutes of which mission is development research. Role of government rises to be important for establishing institutes and supporting start-ups. Comparing Japanese system with that of USA and Europe, it is appeared that the development system in Japan is defective. One of the ways to complement the defect should be to train the innovation managers who conduct the proceeding of the development stage.
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其他关键词：Industry-Academia-Government Cooperation ; USA ; Europe ; Structure ; Function
