摘要：This study aims to re-examine the reliability and validity of three sub-constructs in measuring the level of teaching presence from one of the essential elements in the Community of Inquiry model. The measurement consists of 13 items which are online instructor capability; design and organization, facilitation, and direct instruction. A total of 1938 respondents from a faculty in a public university in Malaysia were selected in the data collection. A cross-sectional survey was applied via online survey and partial least technique was used in analyzing the data. All items were found loaded ( 0 .746 or higher) and all constructs measuring teaching presence had high composite reliability ( 0 .876 or higher) and average variance extracted ( 0 .640 or higher). Thus, a multivariate statistical analysis confirmed the validity and reliability of all items.
关键词：Community of Inquiry;Teaching Presence;Online Learning;Structural Equation Modelling;Partial Least Square
