摘要：The economic decisions concerning fire safety of builtproperty may involve alternative solutions (alternatives) offire protection measures, comparison of buildings withdifferent fire safety levels, choice among constructionproducts with different properties of performance in fire.The need to choose among alternatives may be faced byvarious interested parties: fire safety regulators (authoritieson national level), insurers, architects (building designers),manufacturers of fire protection measures, property ownersand buyers. The problem of choice will often involve theneed to consider simultaneously several characteristics(attributes) of alternatives, and those related to fire safetywill be accompanied by economic and non-economic ones.Such a choice can be formalised as a problem of multiattributeselection (MAS), a filed known also as multicriteriadecision making (MCDM).The present paper aims to formulate and solve severalproblems of multi-attribute selection by taking into accountattributes related to fire safety. The problems are consideredin an attempt to facilitate decision-making on three levels:the level of a property buyer/renter, the level of a propertyowner, and the level of an architect (building designer). It isshown that a different level of decision making requires toapply attributes of different nature. The well-developed fieldof fire safety offers a range of quantitative and qualitativeindicators describing fire performance of building materials,construction and fire protection products as well as entirebuildings. These indicators are introduced, with relativeease, into MAS problems.The attributes of economic nature fit naturally in theMAS problems involving fire safety. They can be introducedpassively and accompany fire-related attributes as well asother non-economic attributes. However, economic aspectsof MAS problems can be used in a more subtle way, namely,by introducing elements of formal expression of risk posedby fires. Monetary losses caused by fires are among theelements of a risk profile. An expected value of these lossescan be used as an MAS attribute.
其他摘要：The economic decisions concerning fire safety of builtproperty may involve alternative solutions (alternatives) offire protection measures, comparison of buildings withdifferent fire safety levels, choice among constructionproducts with different properties of performance in fire.The need to choose among alternatives may be faced byvarious interested parties: fire safety regulators (authoritieson national level), insurers, architects (building designers),manufacturers of fire protection measures, property ownersand buyers. The problem of choice will often involve theneed to consider simultaneously several characteristics(attributes) of alternatives, and those related to fire safetywill be accompanied by economic and non-economic ones.Such a choice can be formalised as a problem of multiattributeselection (MAS), a filed known also as multicriteriadecision making (MCDM).The present paper aims to formulate and solve severalproblems of multi-attribute selection by taking into accountattributes related to fire safety. The problems are consideredin an attempt to facilitate decision-making on three levels:the level of a property buyer/renter, the level of a propertyowner, and the level of an architect (building designer). It isshown that a different level of decision making requires toapply attributes of different nature. The well-developed fieldof fire safety offers a range of quantitative and qualitativeindicators describing fire performance of building materials,construction and fire protection products as well as entirebuildings. These indicators are introduced, with relativeease, into MAS problems.The attributes of economic nature fit naturally in theMAS problems involving fire safety. They can be introducedpassively and accompany fire-related attributes as well asother non-economic attributes. However, economic aspectsof MAS problems can be used in a more subtle way, namely,by introducing elements of formal expression of risk posedby fires. Monetary losses caused by fires are among theelements of a risk profile. An expected value of these lossescan be used as an MAS attribute.
关键词：multi-criteria decision making (MCDM); analytical hierarchy process (AHP); fire; sprinklers; fire risk index; risk profile.
其他关键词：multi-criteria decision making (MCDM); analytical hierarchy process (AHP); fire; sprinklers; fire risk index; risk profile.
