The objective of this work was to compare the physical and mechanical properties of two leguminous crops (soybean and cowpea). The experiment was conducted at various moisture contents. The physical and mechanical properties of soybean and cowpea determined includes shape, size, density, weight, volume, hardness, moisture content, coefficient static friction, hardness, compressive and shear strength. To determine the mechanical properties, compression and three-point bending tests were conducted at 2.5 mm/min. The average length, width, thickness, volume and density were 10.539 ±0.561 mm, 7.361±0.370 mm, 4.874 mm, 0.460±0.010 cm³ and 2.210±0.060 g/cm³ respectively for cowpea and 7.350±0.362 mm, 6.154±0.328 mm, 6.033±0.311 mm, 0.237±0.006 cm³ and 1.743±0.101 g/cm³ which were also compared. It was observed that, by increasing moisture contents of soybean and cowpea, geometric mean diameter, sphericity, true density and angle of repose had an upward increment, whereas their bulk densities decreased. The average fracture force and energy obtained by compression test at vertical, horizontal and minor loading were 102.300 N, 57.800 N and 59.200 N respectively for soybean, and 100.8 N, 56.4 N and 57 N respectively for cowpea. It was observed that more energy is needed to break the soybeans compare to the cowpea at three points loading.