摘要：The increasing use of smartphones opens up opportunities for novel ways of survey data collection,
but also poses new challenges. Collecting more and different types of data means
that studies can become increasingly intrusive. We risk over-asking participants, leading to
nonresponse. This study documents nonresponse and nonresponse bias in a smartphone-only
version of the Dutch Time Use Survey (TUS). Respondents from the Dutch LISS panel were
asked to perform five sets of tasks to complete the whole TUS: 1) accept an invitation to participate
in the study and install an app, 2) fill out a questionnaire on the web, 3) participate
in the smartphone time use diary on their smartphone, 4) answer pop-up questions and 5)
give permission to record sensor data (GPS locations and call data). Results show that 42.9%
of invited panel members responded positively to the invitation to participate in a smartphone
survey. However, only 28.9% of these willing panel members completed all stages of the study.
Predictors of nonresponse are somewhat different at every stage. In addition, respondents who
complete all smartphone tasks are different from groups who do not participate at some or any
stage of the study. By using data collected in previous waves we show that nonresponse leads
to nonresponse bias in estimates of time use. We conclude by discussing implications for using
smartphone apps in survey research.
其他摘要：The increasing use of smartphones opens up opportunities for novel ways of survey data collection, but also poses new challenges. Collecting more and different types of data means that studies can become increasingly intrusive. We risk over-asking participants, leading to nonresponse. This study documents nonresponse and nonresponse bias in a smartphone-only version of the Dutch Time Use Survey (TUS). Respondents from the Dutch LISS panel were asked to perform five sets of tasks to complete the whole TUS: 1) accept an invitation to participate in the study and install an app, 2) fill out a questionnaire on the web, 3) participate in the smartphone time use diary on their smartphone, 4) answer pop-up questions and 5) give permission to record sensor data (GPS locations and call data). Results show that 42.9% of invited panel members responded positively to the invitation to participate in a smartphone survey. However, only 28.9% of these willing panel members completed all stages of the study. Predictors of nonresponse are somewhat different at every stage. In addition, respondents who complete all smartphone tasks are different from groups who do not participate at some or any stage of the study. By using data collected in previous waves we show that nonresponse leads to nonresponse bias in estimates of time use. We conclude by discussing implications for using smartphone apps in survey research.
关键词：Smartphone survey;nonresponse;sensor data;nonresponse bias;consent bias;time use research
其他关键词：Smartphone survey;nonresponse;sensor data;nonresponse bias;consent bias;time use research
