Introduction: The stature of an individual is an inherent characteristic and is considered as an important parameter of personal identification. Estimating stature from the measurement of various body parts is of particular interest to forensic scientists, anatomists and medical researchers in order to complete biological profiles after death or when measuring standing height is impossible. However, establishing the identity of an individual from mutilated, decomposed and amputated body fragments is a challenging task in medico-legal cases, and a necessity when measuring standing height is difficult.

Objectives of the study: To assess the relationship between anatomical anthropometric measurements and stature in undergraduate students at Debre Markos University (DMU), Ethiopia.

Materials and Methods: An institutional-based, cross-sectional, prospective study was conducted among first-year undergraduate students at DMU. The sample size was 572 and data were collected from April to June 2018. Height, weight, head circumference, head length, inter-acromial length, humeral length, ulnar length, hand length and breadth, tibial length, and foot length and breadth were measured in both sexes. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 25 statistical software. The level of significance was set at p<0.05.

Results: The mean age of study participants was 21.27±1.74 years for males and 20.41±1.58 years for females. The mean height of study participants was 168.36±5.89cm for males and 165.24±4.01cm for females. The correlation coefficients (R) of anatomical anthropometric measurements with height were: head circumference (males R = 0.404, females R = 0.127), head length (males R = 0.422, females R = 0.168), inter-acromial length (males R = 0.530, females R = 0.140), right humeral length (males R = 0.539, females R = 0.163), left humeral length (males R = 0.535, females R = 0.159), right ulnar length (males R = 0.496, females R = 0.147), left ulnar length (males R = 0.498, females R = 0.144), right hand length (males R = 0.276, females R = 0.125), left hand length (males R = 0.243, females R = 0.122), right hand breadth (males R = 0.349, females R = 0.129), left hand breadth (males R = 0.331, females R = 0.124), right tibial length (males R = 0.634, females R = 0.259), left tibial length (males R = 0.632, females R = 0.258), right foot length (males R = 0.579, females R = 0.185), left foot length (males R = 0.581, females R = 0.186), right foot breadth (males R = 0.311), left foot breadth (males R = 0.306). The highest correlation was found in the right tibial length in both males and females.

Conclusions: All anatomical anthropometric parameters were significantly (p<0.05) correlated with height in both sexes, except foot breadth in females. Therefore, all anatomical anthropometric parameters, including head circumference, head length, inter-acromial length, humeral length, ulnar length, hand length, hand breadth, tibial length, foot length and foot breadth, can estimate stature in both sexes, except foot breadth in females.