摘要：The study, based on the experimental method in which the factors were additional exercises in the parallel-alternating form of work in two teaching units and the pupils’ preparedness for more demanding instructional forms, was conducted with a sample of 59 first form pupils (7-year-olds) within their regular physical education classes from March till June 2002. The instructors and observers were students of the Teacher Training College, Petrinja, Croatia, during their student teaching practice. The aim was to establish empirically the actual exercise time in a PE lesson and the role of additional tasks in it. Heart rate was used to estimate the physiological workload. The efficiency of a lesson can be significantly improved through the use of more demanding instructional forms of work, especially the ones including additional exercise (640.3sec.±157.38sec. vs. 923.17sec.±189.27sec. without and with additional tasks per pupil, respectively). The increase in the metabolic rate (initial 132.48 bpm and final 133.82 bpm in the programme without additional exercise – not statistically significant, vs. initial 138.71 bpm and final 158.61 bpm in the programme with additional tasks – statistically significant) is caused by additional exercise, which decreased “waiting in line” and increased the effective exercise time, thus increasing the workload during the lesson and providing a greater stimulus for the transformation of pupils’ anthropological characteristics. If we want to increase the actual work time and workload in a PE lesson with the use of more demanding instructional forms of work, we must gradually prepare the pupils for their application.
关键词：physical education; effective work time; group work; instructional forms; first formers; 7-year-olds
