期刊名称：Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal
印刷版ISSN：2001-0370
出版年度：2019
卷号：17
页码：1326-1338
DOI：10.1016/j.csbj.2019.10.001
出版社：Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal
摘要：Alteration of RNA structure by environmental signals is a fundamental mechanism of gene regulation. For example, the riboswitch is a noncoding RNA regulatory element that binds a small molecule and causes a structural change in the RNA, thereby regulating transcription, splicing, or translation of an mRNA. The role of riboswitches in metabolite sensing and gene regulation in bacteria and other lower species was reported almost two decades ago, but riboswitches have not yet been discovered in mammals. An analog of the riboswitch, the protein-directed RNA switch (PDRS), has been identified as an important regulatory mechanism of gene expression in mammalian cells. RNA-binding proteins and microRNAs are two major executors of PDRS via their interaction with target transcripts in mammals. These protein-RNA interactions influence cellular functions by integrating environmental signals and intracellular pathways from disparate stimuli to modulate stability or translation of specific mRNAs. The discovery of a riboswitch in eukaryotes that is composed of a single class of thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) suggests that additional ligand-sensing RNAs may be present to control eukaryotic or mammalian gene expression. In this review, we focus on protein-directed RNA switch mechanisms in mammals. We offer perspectives on the potential discovery of mammalian protein-directed and compound-dependent RNA switches that are related to human disease and medicine.
关键词：Disease ; Gut microbiota ; Medicine ; Metabolite ; MicroRNA ; Mitochondria ; Protein-directed RNA switch ; Riboswitch ; RNA binding protein ; Translational control
