出版社：Centro Interamericano de Investigaciones Psicológicas y Ciencias Afines
摘要：La calidad de vida es un aspecto central de la nueva conceptualización de la discapacidad intelectual, siendo necesario el estudio de variables ambientales. Para ello, se analizaron los factores asociados a la calidad de vida en 105 personas con discapacidad intelectual (Professional Career Development Institute -PCDI-), procedentes de tres instituciones públicas de Lima-Perú. El instrumento utilizado fue la Escala Integral de Calidad de Vida (Verdugo, Arias, & Gómez, 2009), conformada por dos escalas: Calidad de Vida Objetiva, dirigida al cuidador y Calidad de Vida Subjetiva dirigida a la PCDI, ambas aplicadas mediante una entrevista. Para establecer la asociación entre las variables sociodemográficas (edad, sexo, trabajo, condición socioeconómica y tipo de familia) con la calidad de vida se realizaron análisis correlacionales utilizando técnicas bivariadas y de regresión. Las PCDI tuvieron edades comprendidas entre 15 y 45 años, siendo 39 (37%) mujeres y 66 (62.9%) varones. El 13.3% fue de condición socioeconómica no pobre, 63.8% pobre y 22.9% pobre extremo, según el reporte de las instituciones de procedencia. En el análisis bivariado de la Escala Objetiva, se observó asociación con las variables sexo, trabajo asalariado y condición socioeconómica; cuando estas variables fueron sometidas a análisis de regresión múltiple, los mejores predictores resultaron ser trabajo asalariado y condición socioeconómica. Por otra parte, en la Escala Subjetiva el único predictor significativo fue la condición de pobreza. Estos resultados indican que la calidad de vida de las personas con discapacidad intelectual es afectada por distintas variables sociodemográficas que es necesario estudiar, entre ellas la condición de pobreza parece ser la más importante.
其他摘要：Quality of life is a central aspect of the newconceptualization of intellectual disability. Con-trary to prior beliefs, intellectual disability iscurrently considered the sum of practical, socialand conceptual abilities; that is, intelligence asmeasured by standardized IQ tests is no longerconsidered the only and most fundamental as-pect of this phenomenon. In line with this idea,environmental variables have regained interestas an important feature which researchers shouldattempt to understand. Thus, it is important toexamine which sociodemographic factors aremore associated with quality of life in peoplewith intellectual disability. Since such variablesimply an important cultural component, it is im-portant that these studies be done in differentcultural contexts. However, there is a paucity ofresearch on the topic in Latin America and, spe-cifically, in Peru. The objective of this studywas to identify factors associated with quality oflife in people with intellectual disability fromthree public institutions of Lima-Peru. The studysample was composed by 115 participants withintellectual disability aged between 15 and 45years; 39 (37%) were women and 66 (62.9%)were men; 13.3% had non-poor socioeconomicstatus, 63.8% had a poor status and 22.9% hadextreme poor status according to the report of theinstitutions of origin. The measure used was theIntegral Scale of Quality of Life (Verdugo, Arias& Gómez, 2009). This measure is composed oftwo scales: The Objective scale (filled out by thecaregiver), and the Subjective scale (filled out bypeople with intellectual disabilities themselves).In order to establish the association between so-ciodemographic variables (age, sex, socioeco-nomic status, and type of family), correlationalanalyses were performed using bivariate and re-gression techniques. The correlation betweenthe Objective and Subjective scales of quality oflife was low (r= .252). In the bivariate analysisof the Objective scale, an association was ob-served between this scale and the variables gen-der, paid work and socioeconomic status. Whenthese variables were analyzed using multiple re-gression techniques, both paid work and so-cioeconomic status were the best predictors ofquality of life as measured by the Objectivescale. On the other hand, the only significantpredictor of the Subjective scale was povertycondition. These results indicate that quality oflife of people with intellectual disabilities is af-fected by different sociodemographic variables,and poverty seems to be the most important. Itis also worth highlighting the fact that sex wasan important variable associated with quality oflife. Consequently, it is recommendable to de-velop studies of disability with a special em-phasis on gender. In addition, it is important tonotice that quality of life reported by peoplewith intellectual disability shows only a low as-sociation with their caregiver’s reports. There-fore, both points of view —those of people withdisabilities and of their caregivers— are neededto obtain comprehensive results. Moreover, so-ciodemographic factors shared an importantamount of variance with objective quality oflife (i.e. that reported by the caregiver) but notwith subjective quality of life (i.e. that reportedby the person with intellectual disability). Thesefindings stress the importance of taking the opi-nions of people with intellectual disability intoconsideration, and of identifying other associa-ted factors that constitute better predictors ofsubjective quality of life.
关键词：Calidad de vida; Discapacidad intelectual; Pobreza; Calidad de vida objetiva; Calidad de vida subjetiva.
其他关键词：Quality of life; Intellectual disability; Poverty; Objective quality of life; Subjective quality of life.
