摘要：In modern power systems, the penetration level of Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) is strikingly
increasing. Where, many synchronous generators are being replaced by the RESs-based the power
electronic devices, this will reduce the overall system inertia. Moreover, the intermittent nature
of the RESs causes several control problems such as frequency/voltage instability problem. Hence,
these disturbances threaten preservation the power system stability and can lead to system
collapse. In addition, the secondary frequency control action (i.e., Load Frequency Control
(LFC)) will not be sufficient to maintain the system frequency close to its scheduled value.
Therefore, this paper proposes an application of Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage
(SMES) system based on an optimal PID controller, which is optimally designed by the Particle
Swarm Optimization (PSO) to enhance the frequency stability of modern power systems due to
high RESs penetration. From the perspective of the LFC, the proposed controlled SMES can be
used as a feedback controller with the aim of supporting the frequency control loops for frequency
stability enhancement of the power systems. Moreover, the effectiveness of the proposed control
strategy is tested and verified through a real hybrid power system in Egypt (i.e., Egyptian Power
System (EPS)) that includes thermal, gas, hydraulic power plants, wind, and solar energy. The
obtained simulation results by Matlab/Simulink software reveal that the proposed control strategy
achieved superior dynamic responses satisfying the LFC requirements in all test scenarios.
Consequently, the frequency stability is improved regarding peak undershoot, peak overshoot, and
settling time.
关键词：Renewable energy sources; Superconducting magnetic energy storage; Egyptian power;
system; Frequency control; Particle swarm optimization.
