摘要：Impact of Human Activities on Nutrient Loads in the Lower
Danube Water Bodies. The paper analyzes the spatial and temporal variation
along the Romanian stretch of the Danube River (upstream of the Danube Delta)
for a set of water quality indicators reflecting one of the significant water
management issues as well as the main pressures identified at the basin level and
nutrient pollution. In this respect, an analysis of the point and diffuse sources of
pollution has been done, considering the contribution of human agglomerations,
agricultural activities and other sources along the Romanian territory. The
quantification of the diffuse nutrient emissions from the Romanian analytical units
bordering the lower Danube sector has been performed using the MONERIS
model. The emission sources and pathways of pollution contributions have been
estimated and the nutrient total specific emissions have been mapped.
The impact of these pollution sources on water quality has been evaluated through
the results of the monitoring program done in the frame of the TransNational
Monitoring Network (TNMN) which operates under the International Commission
for the Protection of the Danube River (ICPDR). In regards to the concentrations
of various forms of nitrogen and phosphorous, such as nitrates, nitrites,
ammonium, orthophosphates and total phosphorous, the lower sector of the
Danube has been characterized for a period of 10 years (2006-2015) in 6
monitoring sections/sites, outlining spatial and temporal trends. It has been thus
observed that the water quality of the Danube River has improved due to the
implementation of nutrient reduction pollution measures at the basin-wide level. In
addition, the variation of nutrient loads (inorganic nitrogen and total phosphorous)
calculated in 3 monitoring sites for the same 10-year period has been analyzed and
interpreted from a time and space point of view. At the same time, the total
nitrogen and total phosphorous loads transported by the Danube to the Black Sea
have been evaluated in order to reach the target nutrient quantities (of 1960 level)
agreed upon internationally in order to prevent the eutrophication phenomena of
the Northern-Western shelf of the Black Sea.
关键词：monitoring network; water quality; nitrogen; phosphorous; water
body; pollution sources; nutrient loads
