摘要：Currently, developing the tax system and improving financial relations between the state and taxpayers
are rather important aspects of reforming the economic situation and are relevant to this study. The
purpose of this article is to substantiate the scientific approaches to the reform of modern tax systems
and to identify effective directions for their practical implementation. This study focuses on an analysis
of the history and the current state of the tax system in Ukraine, the identification of existing deficiencies
in the Ukrainian tax system, a comparative analysis of the foreign tax systems, and an evaluation
of the tax experience of developed countries in the context of its implementation in Ukrainian economic
reality. This study is based on the following current scientific conceptions and methods: fiscal
methods to defend the state’s interests; theory, methodology and practice of budget-forming tax use,
in particular, various types of tax rates (proportional, progressive, and regressive); constructive-critical
analysis of tax policy development and the ways to reform it; and theoretical approaches to the definition
of tax administration and directions for reforming and improving its efficiency. The following
research results have been substantiated and proposed for implementation: the use of preventive
taxation aimed to avoid tax evasion and to provide effective protection of the fiscal interests of the
state; the reform of the corporate income tax by transition from a proportional rate to a regressive rate;
the abandonment of the proportional rate and the use of a less harsh progressive rate of the personal
income tax; the shift in priority in tax control from planned continuous tax audits to tax investigations;
and the introduction of direct methods for determining tax liabilities into tax administration practice.
