出版社：University of Sheffield, Department of Information Studies
摘要：I doubt if anyone will be surprised by the author's central point, expressed in the first sentence of the introduction: Neither deep learning, nor other forms of second-wave AI, nor any proposals yet advanced for third-wave, will lead to genuine intelligence. Systems currently being imagined will achieve formidable reckoning prowess, but human-level intelligence and judgement, honed over millenia, is of a different order. This is not to argue that artificial intelligence has not, or will not, lead to considerable, beneficial developments: already, Google translate is much better than it was (for some languages) as a result of its new machine learning methods; and the employment of machine learning statistical techniques operating on enormous data stores is likely to lead to new discoveries of the relationships, for example, between diseases and genetics. General, human intelligence, however, involves more than rational thought and computation: as the author notes, it involves judgement and judgement involves cultural norms, ethics, and practices, and what is appropriate in different situations. We make judgements about what right, fair, and proper - concepts that are difficult to embed in systems, whatever their reckoning power.We see the hazards of reliance upon the reckoning power of artificial intelligence systems in the six fatalities so far reported for self-driving cars, five of which involved the Tesla electric car. True, some of these appear to have been the result of drivers who were competing for a Darwin Award , but others could have been avoided if human judgement, rather than simple computation, been built into the program.
