摘要：Scent detection dogs are used in a variety of contexts; however, very few dogs successfully
complete their training, and many others are withdrawn from service prematurely due to both
detection accuracy issues in the field and wider behavioral issues. This article aims to review
our understanding of the factors affecting variation in scent detection dogs’ learning of the
tasks and performance in the field. For this we deconstructed the scent detection task into its
key behavioral elements and examined the literature relating to the factors affecting variation in
the dogs’ success all across their development. We first consider factors that affect individuality
and individual performance, in general, such as temperament, arousal, the handler–dog
relationship, training regimes, and the housing and management of scent detections dogs. We
then focus on tasks specific to scent detection dogs and critically appraise relevant literature
relating to the learning and performance of these tasks by dogs. This includes prenatal and
early life exposure and later environment, training regime, and the human–dog relationship, as
well as performance limiting factors such as the need to pant in hot environments during work.
