摘要：Homework is a common instructional practice that is used to motivate students,
develop students’ studying skills and habits, inform parents about student learning,
and increase student achievement. Homework provides an opportunity for students
to revisit daily topics, and improve students’ understanding of math concepts and
problem-solving skills, helps students learn from their mistakes, and prepare for
tests. One of the primary goals of this study was to find the trends of homework
frequency. This study used TIMSS 2003, 2007, 2011, and 2015 data for
Singapore, United States, Slovenia, and Turkey. The study used hierarchical
multiple regression analyses to examine the relationship between homework
frequency and student achievement in fourth- and eighth-grade mathematics in
Slovenia, Singapore, Turkey, and US. The study also sought optimal homework
frequencies in those countries. The study found that homework frequency
significantly effects student achievement in 8th grade but not in 4th grade. The
study also found that trend of the assigning homework from 2003 to 2015 is
negative both in 4th and 8 grades in all selected countries, except in Turkey.
关键词：homework; mathematics education; 4th grade; TIMSS; international
comparasion
