摘要：This research was aimed at analyzing (1) the effectiveness of the three levels of
inquiry (structured, guided and free inquiry) to improve the students’ scientific
reasoning skills compared to the conventional method; (2) the implementation of
the three levels of inquiry. This study can be categorized as quasi-experimental
with pre-test posttest non-equivalent control group design. The research sample
consisted of 76 students of the Biology Education Study Program in State Islamic
University of Sunan Kalijaga, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The data were collected by
using scientific reasoning test and an observation sheet. The data were analyzed
with the independent sample t-test. The research results indicated that the three
levels of inquiry were more effective than the conventional method in improving
the students’ scientific reasoning skills in the aspects of analyzing, evaluating, and
creating. The quality of three levels of inquiry can be categorized as very good. It
urges biology lecturers to have a comprehensive understanding of the hierarchical
nature and its relationship to various pedagogical practices to employ investigation
process during the science learning process.
关键词：scientific reasoning; analyzing; evaluating; creating; the three levels of
inquiry; biology education students
