标题：A besztercebányai (Banská Bystrica) típusú kályhacsempék archeometriai kutatásának előzetes eredményei = Preliminary results of the archeometric investigation on the so-called Besztercebánya/Banská Bystrica type stove tiles
摘要：A special collection of late Medieval stove tiles characterized by identical features was found at different sites of
the northern part of the Carpathian Basin. First findings were discovered in Besztercebánya (Banská Bystrica,
present day Slovakia) at the end of the 19th century. The unique, high-quality stove tiles are decorated by
circumstantial motives, and illustrate religious and profane topics. Most of them are glazed and apart from the
dominant green glaze, on some pieces yellow glaze also appear. The earlier archaeological and art historical
studies classified these stove tiles into one group, however, it cannot be decided whether these products were
made in a single workshop in Besztercebánya/Banská Bystrica or in several workshops. In order to determine
the material and production technique of the ceramics the body of the tiles were investigated by polarizing
microscopy, X-ray diffraction and electron microprobe analyses. This paper presents the preliminary results of
79 tile fragments found at four sites (Besztercebánya/Banská Bystrica in Slovakia, Salgó, Eger and Szécsény in
Hungary).
Based on the petrographic features (texture, type of non-plastic inclusions) and the phase composition (presence
or lack of mullite) the body of the findings can be classified into three main groups. Samples from the Hungarian
sites – apart from one tile fragment from Eger – are similar regarding their raw material. Presence of mullite in
two subgroups in addition to 10Å phyllosilicate refers to the use of illitic+/-kaolinitic clay and/or higher firing
temperature compared to other (sub)groups. The largest subgroup was possibly made from intentionally
tempered clay due to the presence of large angular granitoid and metamorphic rock fragments. In contrast, the
ceramic body of the stove tiles from Besztercebánya/Banská Bystrica contains magmatic, metamorphic and
calcareous rock fragments. Regarding the raw material, all but one of the tiles from Besztercebánya/Banská
Bystrica differ from the tiles found in Northern Hungary implying that the analysed findings were made in
several (at least two) workshops. However, considerable similarities in size and motives of the tiles suggest
technological transfer (presumably through negatives) between the workshops.
关键词：STOVE TILE; PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY; BESZTERCEBÁNYA; BANSKÁ BYSTRICA; MEDIEVAL
