期刊名称：Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine
印刷版ISSN：1232-1966
电子版ISSN：1898-2263
出版年度：2019
卷号：26
期号：1
页码：1-7
DOI：10.26444/aaem/94299
出版社：Institute of Agricultural Medicine in Lublin
摘要：The cancerous process is result of disturbed cell function. This is due to the accumulation of many genetic and epigenetic
changes within the cell, expressed in the accumulation of chromosomal or molecular aberrations, which leads to genetic
instability. It is difficult to assess the validity of individual aetiological factors, but it can be concluded that interaction of
various risk factors has the largest contribution to the cancer development. Environmental, exogenous and endogenous
factors as well as individual factors, including genetic predisposition contribute to the development of cancer. Epidemiological
research on the development of malignant tumors has focused over the years on the determinants of environmental and
genetic factors of cancer incidence and mortality rate. According to current state of knowledge, 80–90% of malignant
tumors are caused by external environmental factors (carcinogens). Epidemiological studies have proved that the main
factors responsible for the development of malignant neoplasia among humans are environmental factors arising from
human behaviour. It has been confirmed that smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, diet, and reproductive behaviour
are important for the development of malignant neoplasia in the human population. According to the World Health
Organization, in 2020 we may expect about 10 million deaths, including 7–8 million in the developing countries, while
this number in the developed countries will not change and will be 2–3 million. The aim this study was systematization
of knowledge concerning the risk factors of malignant tumours and supplementing them with the latest research results.
