期刊名称：International Journal of Energy and Environment
印刷版ISSN：2076-2895
电子版ISSN：2076-2909
出版年度：2019
卷号：10
期号：5
页码：1-14
出版社：International Energy and Environment Foundation (IEEF)
摘要：Life cycle assessment (LCA) is used to compare global warming potential of torrefied pellets made of
different feedstock materials, namely energy wood of birch and pulpwood of birch, pine and spruce. In
addition, five different supply chain alternatives for each feedstock type are also evaluated. It is assumed
that all of the biomass originates in the South Savo region of Finland and the pellets are used for co-firing
with coal in a large-scale power plant in Helsinki, Finland. The results show that the torrefied pellets made
of pulpwood of birch have the lowest global warming potential, whereas energy wood of birch impose the
greatest environmental burden. Of the supply chain alternatives considered, biomass chipped with an
electrical chipper in the torrefaction plant yard in South Savo has the lowest global warming potential.
Consequently, torrefied pellets of birch chipped in an electric chipper in the torrefaction plant yard have
the lowest environmental impact of all feedstock material and logistics alternatives. On the other hand,
energy wood torrefied on-site in Helsinki results in the greatest environmental impact of all the raw
material and logistics alternatives assessed. Furthermore, logistics with roadside mobile chipping generates
5-17% lower greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions than terminal crushing. Similarly, moving the torrefaction
plant from South Savo to Helsinki would cause up to 6.5% additional GHG emissions depending on the
raw material. Alternatively, chipping at the plant yard in a stationary electric chipper instead of crushing
with a diesel-powered crusher would cause up to 18% fewer GHG emissions depending on the raw
material.
