摘要：We conducted a mass-balance study of debris-free Trambau Glacier in the Rolwaling region,
Nepal Himalaya, which is accessible to 6000 m a.s.l., to better understand mass-balance processes and
the effect of precipitation on these processes on high-elevation Himalayan glaciers. Continuous in situ
meteorological and mass-balance observations that spanned the three melt seasons from May 2016
are reported. An energy- and mass-balance model is also applied to evaluate its performance and sensitivity to various climatic conditions. Glacier-wide mass balances ranging from −0.34 ± 0.38 m w.e. in
2016 to −0.82 ± 0.53 m w.e. in 2017/18 are obtained by combining the observations with model
results for the areas above the highest stake. The estimated long-term glacier mass balance, which is
reconstructed using the ERA-Interim data calibrated with in situ data, is −0.65 ± 0.39 m w.e. a−1 for
the 1980–2018 period. A significant correlation with annual precipitation (r = 0.77, p < 0.001) is
observed, whereas there is no discernible correlation with summer mean air temperature. The results
indicate the continuous mass loss of Trambau Glacier over the last four decades, which contrasts with
the neighbouring Mera Glacier in balance.
关键词：glacier fluctuations;glacier mass balance;glacier monitoring;mountain glaciers
