摘要：This work reports the hydrogeochemistry of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) in the Bay of Puck, southern Baltic Sea. To understand the seasonal and spatial variability of SGD, groundwater and seawater-based SGD samples were collected in several sites in November 2017, March 2018, May 2018 and July 2018. Additionally, a vertical, one-dimensional, advection-diffusion model was used to estimate SGD in each site. The obtained results ranged from to 1.8 × 10−7 L cm−2 s − 1 to 2.8 × 10−7 L cm−2 s − 1 and depended on both: short-timescale factors (wind direction and monthly precipitation) and long-timescale factors (total precipitation and large-scale sea level variations). The calculated rates were further extrapolated to the entire Bay of Puck and ranged from 16.0 m3 s − 1 to 127.7 m3 s−1. The estimated SGD fluxes were significantly higher than results including only the freshwater component of SGD. In the Baltic Sea the importance of SGD, as a source of water and accompanying chemical substances, is still neglected, however, the present findings indicate that locally SGD can be higher than rivers runoff.
