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  • 标题:An evaluation of prevention initiatives by 53 national anti-doping organizations: Achievements and limitations
  • 本地全文:下载
  • 作者:Katharina Gatterer ; Matthias Gumpenberger ; Marie Overbye
  • 期刊名称:Journal of Sport and Health Science
  • 印刷版ISSN:2095-2546
  • 出版年度:2019
  • 页码:1-12
  • DOI:10.1016/j.jshs.2019.12.002
  • 出版社:Elsevier
  • 摘要:Background One main purpose of the World Anti-Doping Agency is to harmonize anti-doping efforts, including the provision of anti-doping education. A multifaceted approach to doping prevention can play a key role in preventing intentional and unintentional doping. This article aims to systematically record and evaluate doping prevention approaches in the form of information and education activities of national anti-doping organizations (NADOs) and assess the extent to which a multifaceted doping prevention approach has been realized. Methods Data on anti-doping information and education activities of 53 NADOs were collected via a survey and an online search of the NADOs’ websites. Prevention activities were classified into knowledge focused, affective focused, social skills, life skills, and ethic- and value- based. The implementation of the prevention activities was assessed by 4 independent raters using a modified visual analogue scale. Results In total, 59% of the NADOs ( n = 38) returned the survey and 70% ( n = 45) had information available online. The data were combined for the visual analogue scale assessment. Overall, 58% of the NADOs ( n = 37) reported offering activities including elements of all 5 approaches. Results of the raters’ assessments indicated that the knowledge-focused approach was best implemented; the implementation of the other 4 approaches was largely unsatisfactory. The most common barriers to implementing doping prevention programs reported by the NADOs were lack of resources ( n = 26) and difficulties in collaborating with sports organizations ( n = 8). Conclusion Results show a discrepancy between NADOs’ self-report data and the implementation assessment. Even though the NADOs indicated otherwise, most of their education-based approaches did not address aspects of the visual analogue scale (e.g., resisting peer pressure) and only a few programs were ongoing. Possible explanations might be found in the reported barriers (e.g., financial). Concrete guidelines defining multifaceted, values-based education, and best practice examples should be developed to indicate how to include all 5 approaches in prevention.
  • 关键词:Anti-doping program ; Doping prevention ; Education ; Harmonization ; NADO
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