期刊名称：Tellus A: Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography
电子版ISSN：1600-0870
出版年度：2020
卷号：72
期号：1
页码：1-24
DOI：10.1080/16000870.2019.1697601
摘要：In situ measurements representing the marine atmosphere and air–sea interaction are taken at ships, buoys,
stationary moorings and land-based towers, where each observation platform has structural restrictions.
Air–sea fluxes are often small, and due to the limitations of the sensors, several corrections are applied.
Land-based towers are convenient for long-term observations, but one critical aspect is the representativeness
of marine conditions. Hence, a careful analysis of the sites and the data is necessary. Based on the concept of
flux footprint, we suggest defining flux data from land-based marine micrometeorological sites in categories
depending on the type of land influence:
1. CAT1: Marine data representing open sea,
2. CAT2: Disturbed wave field resulting in physical properties different from open sea conditions and
heterogeneity of water properties in the footprint region, and
3. CAT3: Mixed land–sea footprint, very heterogeneous conditions and possible active carbon
production/consumption.
Characterization of data would be beneficial for combined analyses using several sites in coastal and
marginal seas and evaluation/comparison of properties and dynamics. Aerosol fluxes are a useful
contribution to characterizing a marine micrometeorological field station; for most conditions, they change
sign between land and sea sectors. Measured fluxes from the land-based marine station Ostergarnsholm are €
used as an example of a land-based marine site to evaluate the categories and to present an example of
differences between open sea and coastal conditions. At the Ostergarnsholm site the surface drag is larger for €
CAT2 and CAT3 than for CAT1 when wind speed is below 10 m/s. The heat and humidity fluxes show a
distinctive distinguished seasonal cycle; latent heat flux is larger for CAT2 and CAT3 compared to CAT1.
The flux of carbon dioxide is large from the coastal and land–sea sectors, showing a large seasonal cycle and
significant variability (compared to the open sea sector). Aerosol fluxes are partly dominated by sea spray
emissions comparable to those observed at other open sea conditions.
