期刊名称：Tellus A: Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography
电子版ISSN：1600-0870
出版年度：2019
卷号：71
期号：1
页码：1-25
DOI：10.1080/16000870.2019.1627149
摘要：We studied circulation patterns in the Gulf of Finland (GoF), an estuary-like sub-basin of the Baltic Sea.
Circulation patterns in the GoF are complex and vary from season to season and year to year. Estuarine
circulation in the gulf is heavily modified by many factors, such as wind forcing, topography and geostrophic
effects. Based on a 7-year run of the NEMO 3D hydrodynamic model with a 500 m horizontal resolution, we
analysed seasonal changes of mean circulation patterns. We found that there were clear seasonal differences
in the circulation patterns in the GoF. Features that moved or changed direction from season to season were
damped or hidden in the averages. To further study these differences, we also carried out a self-organising
map (SOM) analysis of currents for several latitudinal sections. The results of the SOM analysis emphasised
the estuary-like nature of the GoF. Circulation changed rapidly from normal estuarine circulation to reverse
estuarine circulation. The dominant southwesterly winds supported the reversal of the estuarine circulation.
Both normal and reversed estuarine circulation were roughly as common in our data. The SOM analysis also
demonstrated how the long-term cyclonic mean circulation field and the average salinity field emerged from
the interaction of normal and reversed estuarine circulation.
关键词：circulation ; modelling ; Baltic Sea ; Gulf of Finland ; SOM
