摘要：Appearance of kidney stones causes numerous problems in functioning of urinary tract. It is necessary to identify its growth mechanism in order to find successful ways of prevention. The main components building kidney stones are already well known. But research of bulk composition is not successful enough to develop useful and universal prevention methods. Such a task demands better and more precise methods for investigation of kidney stones. Established methods for investigation of renal calculi are IR spectroscopy2, X-ray diffraction and optical microscopy. These methods are sufficient and adequate to identify the most frequent and common substances, which can appear in human kidneys. It is important to recognize the most important mechanisms for forming minerals inside the kidneys and to calculate the statistical abundance of each mineral in observed population. Development of different new methods for investigation of solid-state materials permits better insight into specific crystallization and mechanisms of its growth. Further research of renal stones would surely need implementation of additional methods like: scanning electron microscopy, electron dispersive spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy and tomography, which can identify new subordinate phases.
关键词：kidney stones; formation of the stones; IR spectroscopy; scanning electron microscopy; X-ray diffraction
