期刊名称：International Journal for Research in Vocational Education and Training (IJRVET)
印刷版ISSN：2197-8646
出版年度：2019
卷号：11
期号：3
页码：399-417
出版社：European Research Network in Vocational Education and Training (VETNET), European Educational Research Association
摘要：This paper estimates trends in factor price elasticities adding energy Btu input to fixed capital assets and the labor force in annual US data from 1949 to 2013. Second order effects improve estimates of the production function in log differences. The unrestricted estimates test for concavity and constant returns to scale. Adding energy input reduces the apparent productivity of labor and reveals strong capital-labor factor price elasticities with pronounced trends. Energy and labor trend to become weak complements. These trends offer insight into recent economic history and keys to predicting the future as well..
