摘要：Background Low cardiorespiratory fitness is an independent predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, and interventions that increase fitness reduce risk. Water-walking decreases musculoskeletal impact and risk of falls in older individuals, but it is unclear whether water-walking improves aerobic fitness in the same way as weight-dependent land-walking. This randomized controlled trial involved 3 intervention groups—a no-exercise control group (CG), a land-walking (LW) group, and a water-walking (WW) group—to investigate the comparative impacts of LW and WW to CG on fitness.
关键词：Cardiorespiratory fitness ; Graded exercise test ; Physical activity ; Water exercise
