摘要：La fragmentación física-material es una de las categorías de análisis menos estudiada; el diseño urbano de los espacios no es una variable relevante en los estudios de los geógrafos y los sociólogos; únicamente aparece como el escenario donde transcurre la fragmentación urbana. En consecuencia surge la pregunta ¿Cómo las urbanizaciones cerradas generan la fragmentación urbana física-material? Esto pregunta se puede responder por medio del análisis del sistema de objetos que han surgido en la ciudad contemporánea. Esto parte del supuesto que los nuevos objetos renuevan el sistema local de relaciones y redefinen el medio que les abriga.
其他摘要：Physical-material fragmentation is one of the other categories of analysis less studied, the urban design of spaces is not a relevant variable in studies of geographers and sociologists, only it appears as the stage where he spent urban fragmentation. However, the question arises, How gated communities create physical-equipment urban fragmentation? This can be done by analyzing the object system, recording the locations of objects that have emerged in the contemporary city. This assumes that the new objects, renew the local system of relations and redefine the medium that entertains them. This analysis is thus based on the study of the types of gated communities developed in the metropolitan area of Queretaro in Mexico. In this sense, one of the contributions of the research was to determine the qualities of the gated communities that generate the urban fragmentation. First, the degree of autonomy that encourages the space, that is, the condition of these buildings to not depend on the urban environment; second, the degree of division that encourages this space, based on the condition of these to be separated from their adjacent urban environment; and third, the degree of dispersion of the gated community, understood as the condition of separation and / or dissemination of this with the urban plan.
关键词：Fragmentación urbana;Urbanizaciones cerradas;Zona Metropolitana de Querétaro
