期刊名称：Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems
电子版ISSN：1942-2466
出版年度：2020
卷号：12
期号：1
页码：1-20
DOI：10.1029/2019MS001783
出版社：John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
摘要：We derive a formulation of the nonhydrostatic equations in spherical geometry with a Lorenz staggered vertical discretization. The combination conserves a discrete energy in exact time integration when coupled with a mimetic horizontal discretization. The formulation is a version of Dubos and Tort (2014, https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-14-00069.1 ) rewritten in terms of primitive variables. It is valid for terrain following mass or height coordinates and for both Eulerian or vertically Lagrangian discretizations. The discretization relies on an extension to Simmons and Burridge (1981, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1981)1092.0.CO;2 ) vertical differencing, which we show obeys a discrete derivative product rule. This product rule allows us to simplify the treatment of the vertical transport terms. Energy conservation is obtained via a term‐by‐term balance in the kinetic, internal, and potential energy budgets, ensuring an energy‐consistent discretization up to time truncation error with no spurious sources of energy. We demonstrate convergence with respect to time truncation error in a spectral element code with a horizontal explicit vertically implicit implicit‐explicit time stepping algorithm.
