其他摘要：In the age of selfish and hedonistic neoliberalism, the very concept of the common good is at risk. To care for and rethink it, it is necessary to begin from a logic of life and humanity that is founded on an ethic of understanding and proximity. Based on the most recent international studies and reports addressing the topics of development and welfare, which seem increasingly separate from the notion of material wealth, it is precisely within the concepts of proximity and reliance that we believe the inescapable common good is to be found. This, in turn, represents, then, a sort of precondition for the creation and preservation of the culture of the common good itself. Because in proximity, in the re-appropriation of the spiritual, political and practical value of the proximity, it is perhaps possible to trace the foundations – both generative and transformative – of a pedagogical path towards the recognition and protection of the common good itself. From this perspective, this contribution means to offer some points of reflection on the role that altruism can play as a shared value and as a common good. These are “pedagogical notes” that trace the profile of altruism as a cognitive as well as emotional capacity and as a mode of thought open to be encountered, discussed, and shared. It represents, then, “a secular morality of the relationship with the other”, “a form of rational loyalty”; that is, what Kourilsky (2013) has defined as altruity, or the «intentional commitment to act for the freedom of others» (p. 3). It is a concept, therefore, that goes beyond the simplest, albeit important, constructs of altruism and empathy as the capacity to feel emotion for and with others and carry out actions of generosity, to denote itself as a more complex “defence of the freedom of others”, disregarding the personal advantage it might convey. Altruism here is a construct based on the chemistry of logos and eros, on the conjugation and integration of cognitive and emotional skills tied to the ability to re-cognise, to pay attention, to understand and respect being part of a whole. It is a common good starting from the need to «overcome the crisis with a strong and massive reorganization of forces reaching out to recover the ethical potential of reason, carried out through a clear and vigorous individual and collective plan, which is anchored to the present yet extends into the future» (Bertin & Contini, 2004, p. 96). This is because, as Latouche (2009) has clearly indicated, «post-development will be necessarily plural» (p. 121). That is, it will be linked to a collective growth activated by social subjectivities which can be understood as new forms of protagonism in the construction of interpersonal relationships and which act at both the individual as well as community level. These are subjectivities that must be able to grasp and capitalise on the «true wealth that resides in unfolding convivial and vital relations» (Latouche, 2009, p. 121), or the true common good.
