摘要：In this article we have surveyed analytically the development of the Keynesiansystem since the 1970s in view of criticisms coming from opprosing makroschools,Monelarism and New Classical.We,therefore,deal briefly and asreminder with the pre– 1970 inclusion of the Phillipl Curve (PC) to the KeynesianSystem as well as the discussions between Neo –Classicals Neo –Keynesians and theNeo Classical Synthesis. We first deal with M.Friedman 's assertion abord the existence of a long runPC in addition to short rum PCs,and secondly again with his criticisms of theefficiency of the monetary vs.fiscal policies in view of the relative elasticities ofIS,LM curves.We explain how Keynesians have incorporated these into theirsystem by rendering ifferent interpretrations and assumptions to them. Followingly,we take up the cricisms of the New Classiclas about the lack ofmicroeconomic foundations of the Keynesian system and its incompalility with theaulomatic fell employment conclusion of microeconomics.Keynesians tried toestablish micro foundations to their macro system but accepted imperfectcompeition and lack of coordination between markets,which again gave usKeynesian unemployment, New Keynesian school have worked with the New Classical "RationalExpectations Hypothesis"and arrived at Keynesian unemploymen in the shortrun (SR) but finll employment in the long –run (LR).Exceptions were the Super–Keynesian,"Eficiency Wage"and "Hysteresis"models which gaveunemployment both for the SR and the LR. Post Keynesian school,however,rejected rational expectations,worked withboth Keynesian heterogeneous expectations and uncerainty,thereby arriving atKeynesian tmnemployment again both in the SR and LR.In our article we 1ry 10accentmate these diferences belween the New Keynesian school,Super –Keynesianmodels and the Posl Keynesiam school.
其他摘要：Zawarto propozycje kryteriow projektowych i kryteriow wyboru_ szybkich towarowych statkow srodladowych to jest,pbywajqcych z predkosciq nadkrytycznq na okreslonej glebokosci tranzytowej drogi wodnej.Uzasadnione techniczno–ekonomicznie rozwiqzania moga stanowic alternanywe dla rozwoju Ssrodkow transportu i intensyfikacji ushug srid/qdowego transportu wodnego,szczegolnie w odniesieniu do tadunkciw drobnicowych.
