期刊名称：Ido Movement for Culture: Journal of Martial Arts Anthropology
印刷版ISSN：2084-3763
电子版ISSN：2082-7571
出版年度：2018
卷号：18
期号：4
页码：39-45
DOI：10.14589/ido.18.4.5
语种：English
出版社：Idokan Poland Association in Rzeszów
摘要：Problem and aim.Changes and adjustments to sports rules of judo fighting introduced in 2014 were in force during the World Championships in 2014 and 2015 as well as during the judo tournament at the Olympic Games in 2016.The most significant changes introduced in 2014 included reducing the importance of warnings that could not balance effective technical attacks such as yuko and waza ari.An athlete could receive a warning three times during one fight,which would determine winning the fight by ten points (ippon).However,a warning received for the fourth time would lead to the athlete’s disqualification.Taking into account the fact that penalties are an important part of technical and tactical preparation in judo,the purpose of the research was to define the most common infringements in this sport.Method.The research material was made of an analysis of 846 fights conducted by men during the World Championships in 2014 and 2015,in which all warnings were registered.Results.The collected material allowed concluding that non–combativity during a fight was the most frequently committed rule infringement.Seven most frequent infringements accounted for over ninety per cent of all registered penalties in these contests,while the sports rules specify more than forty of them.
其他摘要：Poniekąd zrozumiałe jest,że zwolennicy wybranych kierunków filozoficznych,np.herme neutyki,fenomenologii,egzystencjalizmu czy personalizmu,konsekwentnie nawiązują do zało– żeń poglądów,które uznają za najbardziej odpowiednie przy omawianiu interesujących ich zagadnień.
