期刊名称：Ido Movement for Culture: Journal of Martial Arts Anthropology
印刷版ISSN：2084-3763
电子版ISSN：2082-7571
出版年度：2006
卷号：6
期号：1
页码：169-175
语种：English
出版社：Idokan Poland Association in Rzeszów
摘要：The aim of this research is to compare methods o f solving the fight by adults and juniors at international tournaments.Researched material analized in this this article was computerized documentation given to the autors by the organizers o f world cup in junior–2004 and adult–2005 age categories.The analyses of researched fights show that the intensity and dynamics of fights are growing in both groups.It could be proved by the fact that the majority o f fights was finished by ippon (before the regular time),the small number o f fights by ne–waza technics (low position) and the significant number of penalties given by the judges for passive acting during the fight.Achieving a success in sport nowadays depends on hard and long–term work o f the competitor at the trening and the skills and knowlege of their coaches.Today the sport level o f world–top competitors is getting closer to each other which makes it more and more difficult to win.In every kind of sport the success depends on efficiency o f acting and that depends on physical and psychological preparation,technical and tactical education.For the top–level–judo competitors the most important factor to win a fight is the quality and number o f technical elements and knowing how to use them during the fight.Because o f that a very important point in coaches’ job should be observing their competitors registering and analizing their acting.The aim o f this research is to compare methods of solving the fight by adults and juniors at international tournaments.Researched material analized in this this article was computerized documentation given to the autors by the organizers o f world cup in junior (Cetniewo 2004) and adult (Warsaw 2005) age categories.At the junior tournament there were 266 fights registered and analized whereas at adult one there were 230.There were technical and tactical elements registered by the observers that were performed by 192 competitors from 22 countries in Cetniewo and 166 cometitors from 25 countries in Warsaw.The result o f carried analyses of fights at the junior and adult world cup –including the quality and number of technical elements,achieved points,penalties given–let the autors characterize the methods o f solving the fight (technical and tactical) by both categories.The analyses o f researched fights show that the intensity and dynamics o f fights are growing in both groups.lt could be proved by the fact that the majority o f fights was finished by ippon (before the regular time),the small number of fights by ne–waza technics (low position).
其他摘要：In this paper,how trade wnionism which has been the major representatives ofworkers since the Industriai Revolution and played an imporiant role in re–organising of Europe after the second world war and in development a"European Society Model",was efcted by social,political and economicchanges after 1970s and what the new perspectives that trade unions must applyto cope with these changes were discussed.In this context,at first,post–world warperiod was evaluated briefly,and then,the changing conditions that efft tradeunionism today were discussed from EU point of view.And finally,the newpolicies and perspective changes that trade unions must apply to as results ofthese new conditions were taken into consideration.
