期刊名称：Ido Movement for Culture: Journal of Martial Arts Anthropology
印刷版ISSN：2084-3763
电子版ISSN：2082-7571
出版年度：2007
卷号：7
期号：1
页码：65-75
语种：English
出版社：Idokan Poland Association in Rzeszów
摘要：Analysis of Polish fencing literature gives us a possibility to have a look at the movement and mental evolution which comes down from fencing masters from countries like Italy,France, Hungary,Soviet Union.It had very big influence on Polish national systems in learning sport fencing.The evolution of technique presented in books shows us its importance in keeping fencing form like independence tradition,honor,chivalry,sports looking.Taking into consideration theory–didactic creation and its store and a number of published positions we can talk about three periods:first one,from the beginning 19th c.to Polish independence,second one from 1918 to 1939,last one– from the end of II World War to the end of 20th c.Looking into the past shows the white gun evolution in Poland.Nowadays fencing takes from military fighting,ceremonials and from hunt traditions.Fencing progress was influenced warfare, armament changes,changes in the way of fighting,knights tournaments.Fencing has set on different levels in different epochs.The literature attempted to compare Polish level of fencing with international Polish situation.Progress in technique and tactics and designation of fencing vocabulary is like in other countries.Progress also consists in novelties from coaches.We can see it in Polish competitors results, which show that the fencing school novelty conception was good.
其他摘要：The purpose of the paper is io determine the economic foundations of constitution as a whole of rules and institutions and to evaluate some articles of ttThe New Constitution Proposal for Turkey” which was prepared by the Turkish Government io six academics those are led by Professor Ergιm Ozbudzm.In this context,after the fundantenial propositions of the main schools of Law and Economics are mentioned1 especially three concepts will be explained:constitution as a social contract,constitution as a coordination mechanism and the applicability (or the enforcement) of constitufιoικ In addition,the constitutional rights which must be in constitution will be discussed.
关键词：fencing;fencing history;bibliography of fencing;sport fencing
