期刊名称：Ido Movement for Culture: Journal of Martial Arts Anthropology
印刷版ISSN：2084-3763
电子版ISSN：2082-7571
出版年度：2008
卷号：8
期号：1
页码：139-150
语种：English
出版社：Idokan Poland Association in Rzeszów
摘要：Problem and theoretical perspective:The aim of conducted research was to explain the phe nomenon of martial arts on coins and medals.The issue has been approached from the perspective of numismatics and related fields as well as the humanist theory of martial arts.Material and methods:The research material has been mainly catalogue contents and own collection.The following methods have been used:analysis of the literature on the subject and analysis of the contents of the numismatic and medallist values,which have been complemented by historical and comparative reflection on military traditions and symbols of the ways of warriors from various cultures encrypted in those values.Results and conclusions:Research results and conclusions may be formulated in the following way:Among the images on coins we find 1) martial arts being at the same time combat sports (like the Olympic jūdō and taekwondo or non–Olympic karate and wu shu);2) contemporary Olympic disciplines of military origin (e.g.fencing);3) old warrior’s and knight’s skills.More?over,the following categories are connected with the historic art of war:1) brave rulers and lead?ers,historic heroes;2) writers and literary characters;3) war heroism and heroes;4) fortresses.The ideal of a noble and creative master of a moral way is also connected with the way of mar?tial arts,which has been shown on selected examples.Also medals with contents indicating gen?erally physical culture,sport various martial arts and knightly traditions have also been presented.
其他摘要：1990'lt yıllardan itibaren gelişmekte olan ülkelerde dünya düzenine entegre olma çalışmalarına bağlı olarak ortaya çıkan krizler kamu kesiminin işleyişini ve yapısını oldukça yıpratmıştır.Böylece küreselleşme süreci kamu maliyesinin hareket alanını daraltmış ve sıklaşan krizlere bağlı olarak kamu kesimine yönelik reform arayışları hızlanmıştır.Bu çalışmada iktisadi gelişme sürecinde kamu maliyesi alanının,küreselleşme ile nasıl bir boyut kazandığı ve 1990'lı yıllardan sonra özellikle gelişmekte olan ülkelerde çıkan krizleri önlemek üzere alınan istikrar tedbirlerinin kamu maliyesi alanına nasıl yansıdığı ortaya koyulmaya çalışılacaktır.
关键词：martial arts;numismatics;art of medallist;phaleristics
