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  • 标题:Tanker grounding frequency and spills in the Finnish Gulf of Finland
  • 本地全文:下载
  • 作者:Otto-Ville Edvard Sormunen ; Maria Hänninen ; Jani Häkkinen
  • 期刊名称:Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin
  • 印刷版ISSN:1733-8670
  • 电子版ISSN:2392-0378
  • 出版年度:2015
  • 卷号:43
  • 页码:108-114
  • 语种:English
  • 出版社:MUS
  • 摘要:Groundings and ship collisions are the two most frequent accident types in the Gulf of Finland,which in the past decades has seen an increase in tanker traffic.This has mainly been oil transport from Russia.Both accident types pose a major hazard to the marine ecosystem,as spills of catastrophic magnitude can occur as a consequence.In order to better plan for the response to and/or prevention of accidents,the frequency and size of spills should be known.This paper estimates the expected number of tanker groundings of different tanker types for the busiest tanker ports in the Finnish part of the Gulf of Finland.Furthermore,in this paper statistics of the sizes of chemical,gas and oil tankers visiting Finnish ports is presented.Finally,the expected number and size of spills is estimated based on the expected number of groundings and the tanker sizes using a spill model based on tanker deadweight (DWT).
  • 其他摘要:Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh tipe kepemimpinan transformasional dan transaksional kepala ruangan terhadap komitmen organisasional perawat di RSI UNISMA Malang.Desain penelitian adalah deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional,pada 90 responden.Dilakukan uji statistik deskriptif,analisis regresi linier berganda dan pengujian hipotesis serta uji variabel dominan.Tipe kepemimpinan transformasional dan transaksional kepala ruangan berpengaruh signifikan baik secara simultan maupun parsial terhadap komitmen organisasional perawat di RSI UNISMA Malang;Tipe kepemimpinan transformasional kepala ruangan berpengaruh dominan terhadap komitmen organisasional perawat di RSI UNISMA Malang..
  • 关键词:groundings;spills;tankers;statistics;maritime safety;transport
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