摘要：A critical review of the various discourse theories is presented, the factors causing their appearance are identified. It is concluded that the variability of theories and methods in conducting discursive analysis determine the necessity of making choice of such a position, which involves the natural communication’s study, the subject-content side of speech communication and its social organization, the structural features of discourse study and its elements functions with the external context.Among the factors that determine the emergence of various theories of discourse, highlighted stereotypes of thinking, paradigms developed in certain academic circles. When revealing the essence of discursive analysis, the national school, the national linguistic tradition, is of great importance. Therefore, in order to avoid a mechanical unprincipled combination of heterogeneous, incompatible, sometimes opposite views, theories, it is from this point of view that one should approach publications that cover various problems of discourse.The variability of theories and methods of conducting discursive analysis necessitates the choice of a position between its extreme poles and involves the study of natural communication, the substantive content of the language communication and its social organization, the study of the structural features of discourse and the functions of one of its elements in relation to others exit to the external context.Equally important is the consideration of the totality of psychological, pragmatic, linguistic, derivative, and other factors included in the process of creating and understanding the text, communicative relations, the situation in which there are communicators, the intentional foundations of verbal communication, the role of intentions in speech communication and their influence on the organization of discourse. It requires simultaneous coverage and ways of expressing intentions in the text, and their recognition by the reader as an important prerequisite for the achievement of the goals of communication, mutual understanding, coordination of actions.
其他摘要：Подано критичний огляд різних теорій дискурсу, визначено фактори, що визначають їх появу.Зроблено висновок, що варіативність теорій і методик проведення дискурсив- ного аналізу зумовлює необхідність вибору такої позиції, яка передбачає дослідження природнього спілкування, предметно-змістової сторони мовної комунікації та її со- ціальної організації, вивчення структурних особливостей дискурсу та функцій одних його елементів по відношен- ню до інших з виходом у зовнішній контекст.
关键词：discourse analysis; communication; communicative situation; the national school of discursive analysis
其他关键词：дискурс-аналіз;комунікація;комунікативна ситуація;національна школа дискурсивного аналізу.
