摘要：The classification and systematization of major types of damage, which are inherent to particular parts of the books, was developed. This allows us to evaluate the safety of the paper and the block construction, book cover, text and illustrative information more thoroughly.Depending on the presence of certain defects you can find out the reason for their appearance and take action to overcome the processes of further deterioration of books state to plan their preservation and restoration.The state of preservation of publications of the fund of rare and valuable books of The Scientific and Technical Library of the ‘Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute’ was analyzed. These books are printed on paper of different composition and have a binder covers, made from different types of materials. The analysis of the physical state of the fund was carried out by a selective method, when for partial viewing from the array only a part of it is chosen, which allows obtaining generalized information on the sample mass as a whole. The sample was 20 percent of the total number of fund books published prior to 1850. The expert estimation method was used.According to the results of the analysis, it was found that the most frequent are the mechanical damages such as the abrasion of the covering material and damage to the sides of the binder cover, the roots and the corners. Physical and chemical damages prevail on paper as a result of natural aging and oxidation, which manifests itself in the form of foxings, color changes, fragility. Damage to the same etiology on the bindings is manifested as a loss of strength and destruction of the binding material. Biological damage was detected in a much smaller number. The clarity of the text and illustrations is well preserved for all editions of the sample.
其他摘要：Розроблено класифікацію основних видів пошкодження книжкових видань;проведено оцінювання стану збере- женості видань фонду рідкісних і цінних видань науково- технічної бібліотеки «Київського політехнічного інституту імені Ігоря Сікорського», випущених до 1850 року.
关键词：foxings; the text senility; paper damage; mycological damage; rag paper; destruction of the binding material; color change
