出版社：University of Belgrade, Teacher Education Faculty
摘要：The basic research question dealt with in this study is how to identify the main obstacles that students encounter in solving tasks in mathematics in order to define typical steps in mastering the mathematical skills needed for solving the applied tasks.In conceptual terms,this study is situated into the contemporary definition of mathematical literacy as a competence that allows the individual to understand the world in which he/she lives,and makes him/her qualified to make informed decisions (e.g.OECD / PISA).This research had two phases.Study was divided into two phases,both of them included sample of first–grade high school students,which is consistent with the PISA criteria for determining sample.During students’ individual or interactive work on tasks,their comments were collected as qualitative data in order to determine the ways in which students make mistakes,what are the difficulties encountered if the tasks are placed in a realistic context,and to determine which of these errors and problems are typical.Content analysis of students’ verbal communication during task solving served to extract the problems that make solving strategies ineffective.In the second (quantitative) phase of our research,we tested if they could be used as a clear diagnosis that indicates a systemic deficiency in the teaching of mathematics and instruments for assessing student achievement.The sample consisted of 379 first grade students of Belgrade high schools.The results show that the concept of probability is intuitively close to the students’ experience.Narrative rather than a graphical display of data is more efficient support in problem solving.Suggesting step–by–stepapproach to problem solving significantly increases performance.Recommendation for teaching practice is to introduce the concept of probability at earlier school ages and to integrate it with other themes in mathematics.Problem–solving strategies should be developed through active teaching of mathematics,in particular the skills of subdivision of a problem into stages.
关键词：mathematical literacy;problem solving;probability;strategies for solving tasks;OECD/ PISA).
