摘要：В связи с изменившимися приоритетами образования изучение процессов получения и преобразования обучающимися информации является актуальным. Рассматривается вопрос о работе с информацией, являю- щейся основой знаний, которые, в свою очередь, являются базой для формирования компетенций. Используя элементы теории информации, выделяются актуальные аспекты, на которые необходимо обращать внимание в процессе преподавания естественно-научных дисциплин. Так, авторы считают, что в педагогическом процессе необходимо уделять особое внимание способам отбора информации, учитывать ценность информации для определенной категории учащихся, рассматривать способы фиксации безусловной и условной информации. Также рассматриваются вопросы о преобразовании (перекодировании) информации в процессе обучения, не- обходимости учета психофизиологического типа учащихся, усваивающих информацию.
其他摘要：Due to the changed priorities of education, the study of the processes of obtaining and transformation of the information by students is relevant. The article discusses the issue of working with the information, which is the basis of knowledge, which, in turn, is the basis for the formation of competencies. The provision of definitions of information is the most important for the learning process. It is shown that when presenting information it is necessary to take into account the psychophysical characteristics of the individual. Discusses the circulation of information in the process of its presentation, as well as the process of encoding information during its transfer from teacher to student. The process of „recoding“ signals is complicated by the fact that, as you know, according to the teachings of I. P. Pavlov about the higher nervous activity, the person perceives the world through the 1-St and 2-nd signal systems. The first signal system provides perception of the world at the level of perception, the second signal system provides perception of the world at the conceptual level. The average person have these systems operating synchronously. The authors experimentally demonstrated the predominance of one of the signal systems in perception of the objects by the scientific staff of humanitarian and natural science faculties. According to the results of this experiment, interesting conclusions were drawn. Using elements of information theory, highlight the actual aspects, to which it is necessary to pay attention in the teaching of natural science disciplines. Thus, the authors believe that in the pedagogical process it is necessary to pay special attention to the ways of information selection, to take into account the value of information for certain categories of students, to consider ways of fixing unconditional and conditional information. The issues of the transformation (recoding) of information in the learning process, the necessity of taking account of psychophysiological type of students assimilating the information. The article will be of interest to the teachers of the natural sciences of university and secondary schools.
关键词：знания;информация;ценность информации;перекодирование информации
其他关键词：knowledge;information;value of information;recoding information
