标题：A safe mining approach for deep outburst coal seam groups with hard‐thick sandstone roof: Stepwise risk control based on gas diversion and extraction
摘要：Protective seam mining is the preferred method for gas control and safe mining in high‐outburst coal seam groups. However, a hard‐thick sandstone roof (HTSR) triggers new gas problems when it covers directly above the first‐mined protective coal seam. To solve these problems, a typical case study in No. 12 Coal Mine was conducted. The simulation results indicate that the HTSR greatly prevents the plastic deformation of the upper roof formations without affecting the expansive deformation in the underlying protected seams. The pressure‐relief gas in protected seams will flow into the protective seam without continuing to migrate to roof strata, thereby turning the protective seam into a new high‐risk area. Therefore, roof presplitting (RPS) technology was proposed to effectively break the HTSR, create roof fracture passages, and divert the gob gas of the protective seam upward. Meanwhile, gob‐side entry construction (GSEC) was conducted to enhance gas discharge in the protective seam by adopting rapid filling, roof cutting, and active supporting technologies. Through the upper protective seam mining, RPS, and GSEC, gas migration passages were constructed step‐by‐step to divert the gas from high‐risk areas to low‐risk areas. As a key first step, gas diversion not only optimized the distribution of gas sources but also significantly reduced gas hazards. Source‐by‐source extraction was then performed to effectively control the high‐concentration gas in the newly formed gas source, further eliminating the mining risk. By applying the stepwise risk control method combined with gas diversion and extraction, the safe production was successfully achieved with excellent outburst prevention effects, and the gas extraction rate was significantly improved to more than 66%. This practice could be used for deep high‐gassy or high‐outburst coal seam group mining.
