摘要：The purpose of the present study was to identify variables for predicting types of outsiders andpossible mitigating factors in bullying situations. Participants were 344 .5",6" and 7l grade students(159boys and 185 girls). Involvement of outsiders in bullying was examined by proportion. Major findingswere that;D Over half of the sample(6S.4%) were involved in bullying by either actively reinforcing(ully-followers;6.4%) or passively observing(bystanders;59.0%);34.6% were defenders of victims.2) Multiple discriminant analysis yielded a function of 3 variables(empathy,rislk burden,and prosocialmoral reasoning) that was effective in classifying ully-followers,bystanders,and victim-defenders.Empathy and prosocial moral reasoning predicted victim- defenders and risk burden predicted ully-followersand bystanders.
关键词：infant attachment;maternal attachment;internal working model;childhood experience
