标题：Determination of parabens in wastewater and sludge in a municipal wastewater treatment plant using microwaveassisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
期刊名称：Environmental Health Engineering and Management
印刷版ISSN：2423-3765
电子版ISSN：2423-4311
出版年度：2019
卷号：6
期号：3
页码：215-224
DOI：10.15171/EHEM.2019.24
语种：English
出版社：Kerman University of Medical Sciences
摘要：Background: Due to the complexities involved in the extraction of micropollutants,the information regarding micropollutants like paraben in wastewater and sludge is scarce. The aim of this study was to adopt a microwave-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid micro-extraction (MADLLME) method for the extraction of parabens in municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Methods: A mixed stock solution of methyl-,ethyl-,propyl-,and butyl-parabens with concentration of 10 mg/mL were prepared in methanol. To validate this method,the limit of detection (LOD),limit of quantification (LOQ),linearity,and m/z were measured. To adopt this method in different condition,the effect of pH (3,7,9,and 12),microwave power (180,300,450,and 600 W),solvent type (methanol,acetone,methanol/water,acetone/water),and 1 g folorisil were assessed. After adopting MADLLME method,the paraben fate of this WWTP was evaluated through mass loading and emission. Results: The optimum performance of MADLLME method was observed at pH = 7,microwave power= 450 W,reaction time = 30 s,and methanol as the solvent. The total concentrations of four paraben metabolites in the WWTP ranged between 2505 ng/L in influent,1953 ng/L in effluent,and 8.03 ng/g at wet weight sludge samples. The total mass loading and emission of four parabens in this WWTP was 0.672 mg/d/1000 people and 0.186 mg/d/1000 people,respectively. Conclusion: MADLLME method seems to be an excellent alternative,as a green extraction technique,for determining various groups of emerging micropollutants in different matrices..
关键词：Paraben; Environment; Municipal sludge; Dispersive liquid-liquid micro-extraction; Microwave-assisted extraction
