摘要：This article is dedicated to the discriminant analysis – a statistical method that allows to test differences between groups of observations (two or more), based on a set of selected independent variables (predictors). It may be effectively applied to various Þelds of social sciences and practice (psychology, sociology, political science, economy, law). Linear combination of independent variables, obtained on a basis of the discriminant analysis model, serves as a criterion of assigning observations to different groups. Information carried by an independent variables is saved in a synthetic form as discriminant function scores. Discriminant analysis may have two goals: discrimination (separation) and classiÞcation (allocation). In the Þrst case, a researcher tries to explain causes of differences between groups of observations by making use of their characteristics available as “disciriminating” variables. In the second case, a researcher seeks to Þnd a mathematical equation, that combines observation’s group characteristics in order to effectively predict the unknown group category to which an observation belongs. First part of the article contains a general description of the statistical model; the second one includes two empirical examples of its application – for two and for four groups of observations.
其他摘要：Artykut jest poswiecony analizie dyskryminacyjnej - metodzie pozwalajacej badac roznice pomiedzy gru-pami obiektow (dwiema lub wiecej) w oparciu 0 zbior wybranych zmiennych niezaleznych (predyktorow).Mozna ja efektywnie stosowac w wielu dziedzinach nauki
关键词：discriminant analysis;grouping variable;linear discriminant function;group centroids;classiÞcation;observed and predicted group membership
其他关键词：analiza dyskryminacyjna;zmienna grupujaca;liniowa funkcja dyskryminacyjna;centro-idy grupowe;klasyfikacja;obserwowana i przewidywana przynaleznosc grupowa
