摘要：Studies on social perception reveal that on many dimensions smiling individuals are perceived more positively in comparison to non-smiling individuals. However, in the current research we claim that this relationship is not always positive and it can depend also on culture and its dimensions such as individualismcollectivism or assertiveness. Experiment carried out in six countries (Poland, Germany, Norway, Iran, the USA, and South Africa) showed that in collectivistic and non-assertive cultures smiling people may be perceived less favorably than non-smiling people. We compared ratings of intelligence and honesty made by participants viewing photos of smiling and non-smiling people. The results showed that smiling people in Germany were seen as more intelligent and in Iran as less intelligent than people without a smile. Moreover, in all countries except Iran smiling people were seen as more honest than nonsmiling people. We discuss the obtained results in the context of differences between cultures described by House et al. (2004) and by Hofstede (2001).
其他摘要：Badania nad postrzeganiem spotecznym wskazuja, ze osoby usmiechajace sie sa na licznych wymiarachpostrzegane korzystniej anizeli osoby nieusmiechajace sie. Jednakze w niniejszych badaniach twierdzimy,ze ta prawidlwosc nie zawsze jest pozytywna, poniewaz p
