摘要：To this day the Mělník district is a locality where vine cultivation has an important role to play,the tradition of this agricultural sector dating far to the remote past. Here,the dominant position has been long held by the Royal Town of Mělník,but since the 16th century,the production of town-produced wine has been competing with the vineyards on the Mělník estate. Besides the town and manorial wine making,the favourable local conditions have also been enjoyed by other entities. Wine cultivation has thus been important for a number of local serfsʼ farms. However,the specific features of this viticulture can only be observed in a limited way,and the key characteristics will be provided by land and special vineyard registers. Their analysis,which became the principal prerequisite for the presented study,has convincingly indicated that the income from wine growing could play an important role in the yields of a number of serfsʼ economies on the Mělník estate. The profits from the wine growing rested on several planes. First,they came from vineyards which were an integral part of the servant farm and,together with the gardens and the fruit orchards,supplemented the income of the servant farmer. However,owing to the firm linkage to the farm,the records of these economic units are limited and information about them is hardly ever complete. Their basic form can be at least partly known through the study of the land registers and their dissemination in the conditions of a given manorial whole can be assessed. Research has shown that this type of vineyard has been part of more than a quarter of the Mělník domains. For the most part,they were quite small,but,probably due to the supportive natural environment,they might have generated higher profits. This is evidenced by the unique information on the yields of these vineyards or the more general description of the domains in the cadastral sources. Yields from vineyards that were a fixed part of the domains,however,do not exhaust the spectrum of subsistence income from the local winery. A number of the Mělník domains comprised vineyards,most often referred to as perkrecht vineyards. Their specific operation (including wine yields) was supervised by the holder,who had as a rule nothing in common with the domain proprietor. From the point of view of subjectsʼ income,it is significant that the farmers of those perkrecht vineyards received regular annual wages (referred to as “interest”). Analysis of the sources has shown that the income from perkrecht vineyards could,for example,cover a number of financial needs (mortgage repayment,financial rent paid to the estate owner). The importance of this type of income is evidenced by the trend of a very intensive expansion of vineyards of this type..
