期刊名称：Buletin ştiinţific: Universitatea din Piteşti. Seria Ştiinţe Economice
印刷版ISSN：1583-1809
电子版ISSN：2344-4908
出版年度：2008
卷号：7
页码：32-40
语种：English
出版社：Publishing house of University of Pitesti, Romania
摘要：The basic economic is the conflict between unlimited human wants and limited resources.Scarcity is a fact life.Individually and collectively we cannot have all we want;we are forced to live within our means.Because resources are scarce,we need to study society chooses from the menu of possible goods and services,how different commodities are produced and priced,and who gets to consume the society produces.A market economy is one in which individuals and firms make the major decisions about production and consummation.A system of price of markets,of profits and losses,of incentives and rewards determines what,how,and for whom.Firms produce the commodities that yield the highest profits (the what) by using techniques of production so that the production is least costly (the how).Consumption is determined by individual’s decision about how to spend the wages and propriety ownership (the for whom).Equilibrium implies a state of rest,or balance,between opposing forces.Economic reasoning leads to the important marginal principle.In making decision,it counts marginal or future advantages and disadvantages and disregards sunk costs that must be paid under any circumstances.That people will maximize their incomes or profits or satisfaction by counting only the marginal costs and benefits of a decision.For instance,it clearly lies behind successful profit maximization by firms.
