标题：Würzburg, a City on the Main River from the High Middle Ages to the Early 19th Century
其他标题：The article deals with the trade in Cologne in the Middle Ages: general conditions for the exchange of goods, Rhine infrastructure and port services. The city had commercial connections with the surrounding regions and was a place of exchange of goods pro
摘要：This paper tries to cover the main aspects of Würzburg’s role as a riverine city in four main chapters. “Furt und Brücke” (ford and bridge) stand for the land traffic crossing the river here which was one of the main reasons for the emergence of the city at this spot and the city’s further development. “Wehr und Schleuse” (weir and lock) stand for the river traffic, i.e. rafting and shipping as well as for activities in hydraulic engineering which aimed at an improved efficiency of flour mills and hammermills. „Mühle und Reuse“ (mill and fish trap) deal with the mills on the river and with a typically mercantilist „industrial centre“ built at the upper end of the weir in the 17th century, as well as with the importance and the traditions of the local fishery. „Zoll und Stapel“ (toll and staple) describe typical forms of trade and its taxation in the Middle Ages and the early Modern Age.
其他摘要：Würzburg ist nicht zufällig an der Stelle entstanden, an der es laut schriftlicher Urkunde seit 1315 Jahren – de facto seit viel längerer Zeit – liegt. Ein Nestor der fränkischen Geschichtsschreibung, Alfred Wendehorst, beschreibt den zugrundeliegenden Sa
关键词：Main bridges; shipping; timber rafting; water customs duty; mills
